Wednesday, May 13, 2015

Eight Things That Can Help Your Roses (and other high water use plants) Get Through The Drought

Roses have a long history in both western and eastern cultures, and rose gardens are considered a symbol of prosperity and wealth. Although there are many roses, both native to California and the old world, that are fairly drought tolerant, the dominant rose you’re going to find in most people’s gardens are hybrid teas, followed by the smaller floribunda types and the large grandifloras and climbing roses. These just about all have Chinese tea roses in their ancestry, a rose that, by itself, is not very hardy to Southern California’s dry, arid climate. This means that most of the roses that are popular today have moderate to heavy water needs. Even though roses benefit from a 2 to 3 times a week watering schedule there are some methods and techniques you can use to help your roses get through the drought and, if they have to,  being watered only once a week. Here they are:

1.     Mulch

 Bark mulches (small to medium size) are best for roses. Apply a 3-4 inch layer of mulch around your roses. Mulch helps even out the drying process of the soil, and as an added benefit, compounds that are released during the mulches slow decay are beneficial to your roses and detrimental to diseases and pests.

2.     Put ‘em on a diet.

 Feeding your roses produces growth that is more likely to lose water, so do not feed your roses until next year in the early spring.

3.     Apply Sunscreen

Kaolin powder spray can be applied to your roses to help them get through the drought. The fine, white clay acts as a sunscreen, keeping leaves cooler and lowering the amount of water they lose during the day. As an added bonus it also deters damaging insects. You will have to reapply after a rainstorm and the roses will look a little ghostly with their coating of fine white clay.

4. Strip 'em

If you remove all the leaves from your rose and leave the buds, the resulting foliage will adapt to the roses new, restricted watering schedule.

5.     Get them to the castle and close the drawbridge

Next winter, when transplanting is ideal, aggregate your roses into a single, high maintenance bed where you can control the watering and give them that special care.

6.   Let ‘em wear shades

Erect shade structures over your roses. 10%-20% shade cloth should do just fine. There new, more shaded digs will keep water loss from them to a minimum.

7.   Cover them with plastic (not what you think)

Spray on anti-transpirants are solutions that leave a plastic film covering the leaves and branches of the rose that can help your them get through particularly dry periods, but don’t overuse them.  One popular brand is Wilt-Pruf, another is Cloudcover. This is a last resort, and some experts believe that anti-transpirants aren’t that effective.

8.   Get used to their new ‘rough’ look.

Once you've applied some of the above strategies, watering roses only once a week, even in the dead of summer, probably will not kill them. However they may be a little (or a lot) rough around the edges. Get used to the browning and yellowing leaves that are sign of the plants adjusting to their new water regime.






Friday, May 8, 2015

Hunkering Down With Your Lawn to Survive the Drought


So you're not going give up your lawn until they pry it from the dry parched ground it's now growing in. What can you do to help it survive until you can find a reasonable California friendly replacement? Below are a few ideas:

  1. Mow your lawn on your lawnmowers highest setting; cutting grass low stimulates growth which encourages water loss. Mature grass leaves develop a thicker cuticle (skin) which helps them stand up to drought much more readily.
  2. If your lawn is old and water runs off of it when you irrigate, rent a power lawn aerator and aerate your lawn. Aerators remove 3”4” plugs from your lawn which allow water to penetrate deeper into the soil beneath your lawn. Remember to irrigate for to runoff the day before you aerate in order to allow for the deep penetration of the aerator tines.
  3. Cut back your lawn watering to once a week for 10-20 minutes. Do not allow the irrigation water to run off, if it does, stop the irrigation and resume an hour later; if you haven’t aerated your lawn do so.
  4. Do not walk, play games on , or have parties on your dormant lawn; it is now very susceptible to physical damage and the repair process takes both water and nutrients from the grass that it needs to get through the drought.
  5. Do not feed your lawn; nitrogen makes lawns more prone to drying out. 
  6. If you really can’t stand your lawn being the golden state’s official color then you can make it green with lawn dye. It will not look the same close up, but most people view lawns from a distance.  
  7. Use this time contemplating your close-to-death lawn’s replacement later on with either more drought tolerant grasses, water saving ground-covers, or a major reduction in its size.


Friday, May 1, 2015

Historic Tree Tour at 1 pm May 2nd During Wild West Days

Join me tomorrow at 1pm for a tour of some of the historic trees of the Arboretum. Here's a map of the trees that were here before the Arboretum was the Arboretum.

Hipster Horticulture: A Recipe for Kale Chips

For those of you who took my hipster horticulture class here's a recipe for great tasting kale chips from Bonnie Colcher:

"To make kale chips themselves, I just tear the kale into little pieces, sprinkle with olive oil and salt, and bake at 250 degrees for about 20 min.

However, here's a recipe for Cashew Cheese Kale Chips:

First you'll need to make the cashew cheese. You'll need:

  • 2 cups cashews (soaked overnight)
  • ½ red bell pepper, diced
  • 6 tbsp nutritional yeast
  • Juice of 1 lemon
  • 1/4 tsp. salt
  • 1/2 tsp. cumin






1 cup water, or more to make the mixture a goopy mushy paste like "sauce"
Blend in a blender or food processor until desired consistency.
Wash, dry and tear 2 heads of curly kale into bite size pieces.
In a large bowl, massage the cashew cheese into the kale.
Transfer in single layers onto cookie sheets lined with parchment paper.

Cook in the oven at a low heat, 200 degrees or so, until the chips begin to crisp.
Enjoy!"

Monday, April 13, 2015

A List of Some of the Water Saving Rebate Programs Available in Southern California

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Various Cities)

Weather-Based Irrigation Controllers

$200 per controller for less than one acre of irrigated landscape; $35 per station for 1 acre or more of irrigated landscape. For a list of qualifying models, go to the SoCal Water$mart. Applying for this rebate will make you ineligible to receive a rebate for the Soil Moisture System item below.

$200.00 per unit
(<1 acre)

$35.00 per station
(≥1 acre)
Soil Moisture Sensor System
Must include a sensor and a calibrator and an irrigation controller. For a list of qualifying models, go to SoCal Water$mart. Applying for this rebate will make you ineligible to receive the rebate for the Weather-Based Irrigation Controller item above.

$200.00 per unit
(<1 acre)

$35.00 per station
(≥1 acre)
Rotating Nozzles

Must purchase a minimum of 15 nozzles to qualify for a rebate. For a list of qualifying models, go to SoCal Water$mart.



$8.00 per nozzle
(Limit 1 rebate application per household)
Turf Replacement

Replace turf grass with California Friendly plants, mulch, and permeable pathways. Must get pre-approval of application before starting project. To see project samples and additional landscape information, go to Landscape.

$3.75 per square foot for the first 1,500 square feet, and $2 per square foot thereafter with no cap
*You must get a pre-approval before starting your project.

(Limit 1 rebate application per household)
Rain Barrels

Minimum 50 gallons in size. Maximum of four (4) rain barrels per home. For Rain Barrel Guidelines, go to SoCal Water$mart.



$100 per barrel



Other City Lawn Replacement Programs

City of Los Angeles
RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS: For the residential turf replacement rebate program, all applications must be submitted online through the SoCal Water$mart website. Effective November 1, 2014, LADWP's single family residential program provides $3.75 per square foot for the first 1,500 square feet, and $2.00 per square foot thereafter with no cap for replacing turf with water wise landscaping features.



       Rebate up to $4,50/square foot when you replace lawn with sustainable landscaping. Program conditions and eligibility have changed. New Program Details

Rebates start at:
       $80/controller for less than 1 acre of landscape
       $35/station for more than 1 acre of landscape

Rain Barrel and Cistern Rebate

       Large Cistern Rebate: up to $2,000 each (max 2) and must be 500 gallons or more
       Small Cistern Rebate: up to $500 each (max 4) and must be 200 to 499 gallons
       Rain Barrel Rebate: up to $200 each (max 8 barrels) and must be less than 200 gallons

       Up to $40 per downspout  (no max).



Friday, April 10, 2015

I'll Be Speaking in Altadena Next Week

Pasadena Now » Experts Discuss Altadena’s Urban Forest: Past, Present & Future | Pasadena California, Hotels,CA Real Estate,Restaurants,City Guide... - Pasadena.com

Nature of Sculpture Map

Here's a  map to all the interesting sculptures on exhibit here now at the Arboretum. This map was made by importing Geo-tagged iPhone photos into Picasa, creating an album and then synchronizing that album with Google Picasaweb, and finally exporting from Picasaweb to a KML file and sucking that file up into Google map. The reason for all the steps is to get the large images that come up in the balloon when you click the geo-positioned thumbnails to show up, which they will not if you try just exporting a KMZ from Picasa and them importing that into Google Maps.

Thursday, March 12, 2015

California Landscape Contractors Fund Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer Research




As the grave nature of the consequences of the current Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer infestation become clearer another organization with a stake in plants the pest attacks are donating money for research into methods to control it. Up until now the California Avocado Commission has been the biggest donor, but recently another organization that might have much more to lose, the California Landscape Contractors Association, is funding research. With the majority of the plants being attacked by this pest being important elements in landscape design here, this funding makes good sense for the organization whose members rely on them as the fundamental building blocks of their industry.

Plant Identification Class Tomorrow, March 13th at 1:30pm.

Here is a post to the Plant Identification Blog that talks about tomorrow's lesson.

Thursday, March 5, 2015

Plant Identification Class (With Emphasis on Non-Native Ornamental Plants) Syllabus

This is the syllabus for tomorrow's plant identification class. The class runs for four Fridays this month, 3/6, 3/13, 3/20 and 3/27. There's still time to register for this class, or you can register at the door. Hope to see you there. 
Instructor Information

Frank McDonough, L.A. Arboretum Botanical Information Consultant
Office phone: 626 821-3236
Office hours: Tuesday-Thursday 9:00-10:00 a.m.; 3:00-4:30 p.m. Please call or e-mail me as sometimes I am out in the field (a common botanist’s excuse).
Website: http://laarboretumplantid.blogspot.com/  Course materials will be posted online.

Course information

Prerequisites: A willingness to stare at very small things for more than a minute.
Meeting time and place: Lecture/Lab Friday 1:30-4:00 p.m. Education Greenhouse Classroom

Course Description: Key and description driven plant classification and taxonomy with emphasis on identifying orders and families, and using web resources in able to identify non-native horticultural plants with or without knowledge of their origin or provenance.

Goals of course:
·        To familiarize you with the Arboretum collection in terms of the identification of plants in it and the relationship of those plants to other plants in the same family and order.
·        To give you an introduction to the terminology of plant organs and structures, and how you can use this knowledge to identify unknown plants.
·        When you are finished with this course you will never look at plants the same way ever again.

Required texts: How to Identify Plants, H.D. Harrington and W. Durrell
Required Equipment: Lighted 10-15x hand lens, or non-lighted lens and a bright headlamp, scalpel (will have one to share first class), gloves if needed (may be provided), wipes, dissecting needle (nice to have but not necessary)

Date
Subjects Covered
Taxon Covered
May 6th
Introduction to Taxonomy, Plant Classification Hierarchy, Flower and Inflorescence Terms
Mint family, Acanthus family, Magnolia family, Poppy family, Grass tree family and possibly others TBD
May 13th
Leaves and Surfaces Terms
TBD
May 20th
Roots and Stems Terms
TBD
May 27th
Using Order to ID Unknown Families, Using the Internet to ID Plants
TBD

Hipster Horticulture Links


Hipster Horticulture

Below are links to plants I mentioned in the 3/4/2015 class on newly introduced plant product foods:

Kalettes, Broccoflower And Other Eye-Popping Vegetables For 2015 : The Salt : NPR
From Broccoli Leaves to Kalettes, New Vegetables to Cook and Grow in 2015 | Susie Middleton
Wood Sorrel, A Woodland Plant With FlavorEat The Planet | Eat The Planet
Unusual Vegetables. Oka.
How to Grow Oca (New Zealand Yams) | Thompson & Morgan
Oxalis tuberosa "Oca" - Buy Online at Annie's Annuals & Perennials
Pacific Bulb Society | Oxalis tuberosa
2015 NGB New Varieties: vegetables
Rediscovering the Lost Crops of the Incas - NYTimes.com
Lost Crops of the Incas
Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation
Radix: Crap Crops of the Incas: my on-off-on affair with Andean root crops 4) Pachyrhizus - ahipa useless junk?
Radix: Crap Crops of the Incas: My on-off-on affair with high altitude Andean root crops 1) Oca
Radix: Crap Crops of the Incas: My on-off-on affair with high altitude Andean root crops 3) Mashua
Radix: Dioscorea japonica
Wetting the Beds: Ulluco: Crop of the future or Inca practical joke?
Ullucus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Papalisa/Ulluco/Ullucus tuberosus | Zoom's Edible Plants
Ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus) | Cultivariable
Dioscorea alata - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Purple yam (Dioscorea alata)
Ullucus tuberosus Olluco PFAF Plant Database
Plants Profile for Dioscorea bulbifera (air yam)
Air potato | Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa [Wedd.] Parodi): an alternative legume crop for sustainable production of starch, oil and protein
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Ahipa) - Practical Plants
Amaranthus caudatus Love Lies Bleeding PFAF Plant Database
Quinoa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The International Year of Quinoa | Global 3000 - YouTube
Quinoa History and Nutrition - Superfoods - YouTube
Yacón - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
All About Yacon: What It Is, and What It May Do for Weight Loss - ABC News
Yacon - Peruvian Ground Apple growing information
Raintree Nursery for Yacon Plants
Yacon and Oca from Nichols Garden Nursery - Fine Seeds & Herbs for the Gardener Cook
Yacon* (Polymnia sonchifolia) potted plant, organic
Samphire Seeds
Shungiku Seeds
Quinoa Seeds
Mizuna Seeds
Sorghum
Lamb's Quarters
Job's Tears Seed
Camelina Seeds
Bitter Melon Seeds
Amaranth Seeds
Yacon for Sale
mashua, yacon, oca: growing edible andean tubers, with help from peace seedlings - A Way To Garden
Yacon | Eat The Weeds and other things, too
Moonridge Farms Yacon
Pouteria lucuma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lucmo
View crop
LUCUMA Pouteria obovata (Lucuma obovata)
10 ancient grains to watch: from kamut to quinoa
Plukenetia volubilis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eragrostis tef - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Is Teff The New Superfood?
Growth Products - Catalog
Helpful Hints: Serenade® Garden and Lawn Disease Control sold by Northeast Nursery in Peabody, Massachusetts.
Golf Courses: Fertilizers and Biological Fungicides
www.northeastnursery.com/files/SGlawn.pdf
Stover Seed Company: Contact Us
UFEI - SelecTree - Attribute Information
Eat The Weeds by Green Deane, the most watched forager in the world

Thursday, February 19, 2015

Punkies NOT Parasitosis

A client came in to me with a dilemma, some sort of insect, she feels, bit her while she slept. It turns out this insect was a ‘punkie’, a type of biting sand fly that under certain conditions can swarm and enter houses.


The client came in about two weeks ago and complained about unseen insects biting her. I get at least one client a year with a syndrome called “delusionary parasitosis”, an organic malady that causes them to believe that insects they cannot see are borrowing into their skin, laying eggs, and hatching out of their bodies. Interestingly all of the people I’ve encountered with this seem perfectly normal in all other aspects. She showed me some red marks that couldhave been bites or rashes raised from incessant itching. She brought in some particles she found in her bed that turned out to be pieces of skin probably scratched off of her during when she was itching the irritations. After I told her the identity of the pieces she swore they must have been insects that were biting her. She observed that the bites were occurring along her waist and near her ankles and hands, areas where her pajamas allowed access to her skin. I told there wasn’t much I could do unless she could find the insect that was causing the problem. If she had delusionary parasitosis this would be an impossible task so I didn't expect to see her again concerning this matter.

Then about two days ago she returned with a bag containing what appeared to be black flecks. She said she had found them in the bottom of the light cover on the ceiling light of her bedroom. “Oh jeez” I thought to myself “another bag of itched-off skin.” I took the bag and put it under my stereoscopic magnifier. What I saw surprised me.

The bag was actually full of insects, insects that looked like this:




The insect looked like a mosquito without the long beak. I looked up insects related to flies and mosquitos (the order Diptera) in my trusty “Insects of the Los Angeles Basin” and l found one that matched – Genus Leptoconops. These are commonly called ‘punkies’ or ‘no-see-ums’. They are blood feeders and are notorious for biting people and causing a red, itchy spot that, upon further itching, can develop into a rash.

On further questioning of the Client I learned she lived in an area that was near the L.A. River. Species this genus have been noted in the Santa Ana River, and recent restoration of the riparian habitat of the L.A. river might have led to the repopulation of this species there. Also, conditions were right for swarming and biting. Research on a similar midge native to the Salt Lake Utah area has indicated that “the number of biting flies was greatest during warmer, less windy, sunnier periods” after rain. The nice weather that we’ve just experienced after our recent rains matches these conditions.

So the mystery was solved. What about control? The best thing to do is to keep the insects out of the house. They are small, from 1-3 millimeters, so you need a screen that is correspondingly small and to check the house for any cracks where they can enter and… do not leave your door open when they are active, usually from three to 12 days after a rain. What about repellents? Most repellents don’t work very well, protecting only about 50% or less of the people who use them.

Punkie Links:






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